安徽省珍稀植物新纪录

水禾属和水禾为安徽省植物分布新纪录属和种。该文介绍了采自安徽省无为县禾本科单种属珍稀植物水禾的主要形态特征、生态特性和繁殖方法。     

苏氏圆腹（♂）与南方大口鲶（♀）杂交种的胚胎学观察

在（26＋1）℃水温条件下以苏氏圆腹为父本,南方大口鲶为母本采用干法授精进行杂交,用双筒显微镜对其子一代的胚胎发育过程续跟综观察。结果显示：两者杂交受精率80%,胚胎畸形率72%,孵化率22.4%,整个胚胎发育历时26h35min,其发育过程与其父本、母本基本一致。杂交种既有父本的特征,又有母本的特征,说明绝非单性生殖。     

间型鸡(从)(Termitomyces intermedius):一个分布于南亚热带至温带南缘的物种

分别对2016年采自河南省信阳市和2017年采自广东省广州市的部分鸡(从)(Termitomyces spp.)标本进行形态学鉴定和基于ITS序列的分子系统学分析.发现了一个中国新记录种——间型鸡(从)(T.intermedius),它可分布于南亚热带至温带南缘,比2016年在日本冲绳石垣岛发现的分布区域更靠北端.同时发现河南省温带南缘有小鸡(从)(T.microcarpus)分布,是已报道的中国鸡(从)分布区域的最北端.     

浙江省藓类植物新记录种--弯叶白发藓（Leucobryum aduncum）（Leucobryaceae，Bryophyta）

发现并证实采自浙江江庆元县百山祖桥陌村的白发藓属为弯叶白发藓(Leucobryum aduncum Dozy et Molk),它是浙江省一新分布记录。提供了该种详细的形态特征描述、图形态特征图版以及生境特点,讨论了该种与其他分布于浙江的白发藓属植物的形态区别,并提供了分布于浙江的白发藓属植物的检索表。弯叶白发藓的发现是对浙江藓类植物区系的补充。     

Short‐term releases of CO2 from newly mixed biochar and calcareous soil

The work aimed to quantify native organic C mobilized in one calcareous soil in the 21 days after addition of biochar at a range of large to very large applications. The experiment was carried out in unplanted microcosms, and CO₂ flux was used as a measure of net mineralization. A rapid methodological approach, which does not require ¹³C as a tracer, was used to assess any priming effects induced by the biochar. The amount of CO₂‐C mobilized was small relative to the amount of biochar C and proportional to the amount of the biochar added. The additional CO₂‐C was similar to the content of the water‐soluble organic carbon in the biochar added with each application. No interaction with native soil C, that is priming effect, was observed.     

浙江乌牛早春茶始摘期及霜冻风险区划

为了解浙江省乌牛早春茶初始采摘期的时空分布特征和减少遭受春季霜冻的风险,应用1971—2014年浙江省71个常规站日资料和2005—2014年共2094个气象自动区域站小时观测资料,以乌牛早春茶发育热量为始摘期区划指标和乌牛早春茶各级冻害总灾损率为霜冻害区划指标,应用GIS技术,采用距离权重反比法(IDW,Inverse Distance Weighted),得到浙江省乌牛早春茶始摘期区划图和乌牛早春季霜冻风险区划分布图。结果表明:浙江全省乌牛早春茶始摘期在2月上旬—3月上旬,从南到北时间递增,温州沿海地区最早,29°N以南为2月中旬,30°N以北地区最晚。浙江沿海、盆地、低丘陵地区适宜种植乌牛早茶,海拔高的地区遭受春季霜冻风险大,不适宜种植乌牛早茶,区划结果将为茶叶主管部门和农技推广部门指导乌牛早种植的布局调整提供重要参考价值和科学依据。     

生物质气化发电技术相关问题的研究

随着我国经济的高速发展,能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严峻.生物质能作为一种理想的可再生能源,由于其在燃烧过程中二氧化碳净排放量近似于零,可有效地减少温室效应和环境污染,因而越来越受到世界各国的关注.为此,重点讨论了生物质气化发电技术的相关问题-气化炉的选取、焦油的处理、系统投资和运行成本,并进行了财务分析,从而得出生物质气化技术是生物质能最有效、最经济和最洁净的利用方式.     

东北地区拟胸须夜蛾属1新记录种的记述（鳞翅目、夜蛾科、长须夜蛾亚科）

东北地区拟胸须夜蛾属发现1新记录种：条拟胸须夜蛾（Bertula spacoalis）;且列出东北地区包含拟胸须夜蛾的2种检索表,及其形态特征和分布。     

水稻不同穗型品种穗颈节间组织与籽粒充实特性的研究

本文用7个不同穗型的中稻品种,研究了重穗型、中穗型、轻穗型品种的穗颈节间组织特性及其与籽粒充实的关系.结果表明:穗颈节间维管束数目,维管束、韧皮部面积,茎横切面、茎壁、髓腔面积,均是重穗型>中穗型>轻穗型品种.穗颈节间输导组织特征与空壳率的大小无关,但它是籽粒充实的重要前提和解剖学基础.穗颈节间茎的粗度、茎壁的     

Occurrence of 2n gametes in the F1 hybrids of Oriental × Asiatic lilies (Lilium): Relevance to intergenomic recombination and backcrossing

Cytological modes of the origin of 2n gametes were investigated in six different genotypes of F₁ hybrids between Oriental and Asiatic (OA) lilies (Lilium, 2n = 2x = 24). Chromosome pairing between the parental genomes was very low, the average frequency range from 0.3 to 1.2 bivalents per cell among the genotypes. Within a genotype the frequency of bivalents varied from 0 to 6 in some cases. The normally occurring haploid pollen grains were totally sterile. In contrast, in different genotypes, variable percentages of 2n pollen were found and shown to be fertile as estimated from pollen germination. A cytological analysis of Metaphase I and subsequent stages of meiosis using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) revealed that there was intergenomic recombination between the alien genomes. Following Metaphase I stage, three different types of abnormal cytological events led to the formation of 2n pollen: (i) Post-Metaphase I division (PMI), (ii) Post-Metaphase II division (PMII) and (iii) Asymmetric Cytokinesis of the pollen mother cell followed by chromosome division. All three cytological events led to first division restitution (FDR) gametes. Based on in vitro pollen germination it was proved for two genotypes that 2n pollen was viable only during the first day of anthesis. It was possible to use 2n pollen successfully for backcrossing. Implications of 2n pollen for intergenomic recombination in BC₁ progenies are discussed.